Research+Paper+(Process)

= = flat = = =**TO DO BY MONDAY NOV. 1** =

Each person is required to have:
 * Image Gallery
 * group your images by broad subject and individual
 * follow and create a key/legend
 * align images nicely within the two columns
 * write a summary or blurb describing the group
 * Bibliography/References
 * Use Chicago Style Manual from EasyBib
 * 1 page for Research including broad and individual
 * 1 page for Visual Essay images.....John will standardize
 * Imput the Visual Essay finished product image.....Aiann will do and caption

=**TO DO ON MONDAY NOV. 1** =

Make sure all pages and sections are complete and in ORDER Add birds for visual appeal Create Title Page and Table of Contents Proofread Print Cerlox Bind.....John bring coverstock, Aiann bring cerlox coil

= = =**SCHEDULE** = John send to Aiann: Friday night, 12:00AM or Sat morning 9:00AM Aiann send to Cory: Saturday night, 12:00AM or Sun morning 9:00AM Cory send to everyone Sunday night

File> Package Zip file and send via email and/or yousendit.com or megavideo

=UPDATED TO DO= What Will Be Done Friday: = = = =
 * Title -> Abstract section (all subsections in between)
 * Setting up the template (inDesign)
 * Aims
 * Research what we wanted to find
 * Visual Essay - how we want to represent found information (general)
 * Lit Review -- WILL BE DONE INDIVIDUALLY FOR FRIDAY
 * Notes below will go here
 * Put the book name as: Title, Author OR online article name: Title, Web URL
 * Do not make a Chicago Style citation yet....we will do together at once
 * Methods
 * Primary, Secondary Research approach
 * How we planned the visual essay (discarded ideas, process)
 * Results + Findings
 * Describe visual essay (specific)
 * How we accomplished aim
 * Analysis + Discussion
 * Critique, reflections on visual essay
 * Summary + Conclusion
 * Conclude all, "full length abstract"
 * Our plans to investigate further individually
 * References
 * Images
 * Research
 * COME PREPARED WITH ALL YOUR IMAGE, RESEARCH SOURCES

Please have your **literature review** ready. A literature review is NOT just an annotated bibliography (citation and summary). It is also a critical assessment of the source and its relationship to your topic.

University of Toronto Writing Centre http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/specific-types-of-writing/literature-review

Concordia University Literature Review http://library.concordia.ca/help/howto/litreview.php#examples -

= JOHN'S NOTES = Note: I am going to condense this information further by Friday.

//Aims and Purpose://
 * Broad:
 * ** Topic ** : The topic for this research report is to explore a variety of ideas dealing with the concept of migration.
 * ** Question ** : How does the topic of migration relate to our personal understanding of society and how does this relate to design?
 * ** Significance ** : In order to create an effective and interesting thesis, it is important to look at the research surrounding our workshop topic.
 * ** Hypothesis: ** Migration is a form of change that develops over time.
 * Specific:
 * ** Topic: ** social networking and the influence of technology over time
 * ** Question: ** Is the movement toward the digital age changing the way humans interact and behave with each other?
 * ** Significance: ** Since technology, particularly the internet, is becoming such a dominant influence in our lives, it is important to analyze the way people are migrating away from physical relationships and into digital lives
 * ** Hypothesis: ** A majority of humans in the modern age is self-absorbed with their digital life and relationships, which carries personality and behavior patterns that differs from the ‘self’ in reality.

//Results and Findings://
 * Broad: Computing & Piercing:
 * PC Migration:
 * PC migrations is transferring the user environment such as personal files and settings between two computer systems
 * This is usually performed when the user or business requires an upgrade to new computer or software (OS)
 * There are many programs to help smoothen the process of moving folders, applications and registry entries from old to new computer
 * Data Migration:
 * Like PC migration but it is more specific in terms of storage types, formats or computer systems and usually used on a smaller scale
 * It is performed when individual/organization wants to upgrade computer or merge systems (business mergers and takeovers)
 * Data validation software is applied to ensure old files works on new system
 * Migration phases include: design, extraction, cleansing, load, verification (repeat over time to ensure it works)
 * There are different migration categories including storage (physical), database, application (vendor), business process (restructure) and project versus process (removes it from source)
 * The disadvantages of migration can include technology being abandoned, mixture of temporary and permanent files, time-consuming and costly with emulation being a good alternative
 * Process Migration:
 * A manual or automatic process that transfers computer processes in clusters between machines in software such as OpenMosix
 * It utilizes a network to migrate process to another machine for further operation and sometimes used for changing processors within one machine
 * Can use a central multi-processor SMP machine (expensive), numerous smaller, lower powered workstations (unbalanced load), or static scheduling (idle)
 * System Migration:
 * The minimization of reengineering when a set of instructions or programs are moved from one platform to another manually or automatically
 * Downtime during migration can cause problems such as missing data
 * Piercing Migration:
 * A painful or ignored movement of an initial piercing to a different location with effects varying depending on the jewelry
 * Can be caused by weight, body rejection, and size
 * Specific: Social Networking:
 * History of communication:
 * The first sign of communication dates back to the earliest signs of life with human speech around 200,000 years ago, symbols 30,000 years ago and writing about 7,000 years ago
 * Evolution of the brain helped improve transmission of knowledge and information while being able to adapt to environment more quickly
 * This resulted in colonization, abstract concepts, technology, coordination, and dominance over other species
 * Explored origins and history of symbols:
 * Since speech has a distance limitation, other forms of visual communicators were used such as cave paintings (30,000 BC), petroglyphs (carvings onto rock surface – 10,000 BC), Pictograms (literal ideas & recording, 9,000 BC), Ideograms (abstract ideas & proto-writing– 5,000 – 6,000 BC), writing (logographic, syllabic and alphabet – 4,000 BC), and alphabet (2,000 BC)
 * Telecommunications is the recent revolution to communication such as T.V. in 1927 and the Internet in 1983
 * There is visual, audio and advanced electronic signals
 * Mass communication theory:
 * There are 5 points of mass communication and media, which include artwork, audience, medium, society and artist
 * Explore meaning of mass communication of print & electronic media
 * Mass communication means to disseminate information while mass media is the material used to communication it
 * Mass: heterogeneous that do not know or interact with each other with no leadership and very loose organization
 * Communication holds communities together while passing cultures from generation to generation and refers to process and message
 * Communication require fundamental shared experience, values and beliefs and uses encoding (sender) and decoding (receiver)
 * There is also non-verbal ways to communicate such as clothing, body language, facial expressions, etc.
 * The basic model is Lasswell’s communication model, which focus on audience and society in general (Who? Says what? In which channel? To Whom? With what effect?)
 * But model is unidirectional and author looked at other models such as Gerbner’s, Jakobson’s, Osgood-Scharamm, Spir-Whorf, and Play Theory, which deals with feedback, perception, meaning in messages through verbal and non-verbal language, and changing desires
 * Telecommunications: Internet’s Impact:
 * Technologies used in social context and fulfill existing needs such as the Internet affecting the way people work, study, and look for information and communication with each other
 * Users are also contributing to that effect around the world
 * The internet is a personal medium with users as being active members
 * It acts as a medium for information, entertainment, personal communication and social platform with messages being shaped in real time due to interactivity
 * Technology is incorporating and dependent on the Internet such as MP3, smart phones, computers, etc.
 * Research shows that young (boys more than girls) are adopting digital media faster with growth in broadband attributed to competition of market
 * UK Children Go Online indicates 75% of children between 9-19 have access to Internet at home with education and wealth being strong factors for Internet use (cost of computers is only obstacle)
 * No overwhelming proof that globalization is taking place online
 * Traditional media such as Newspapers has less exposure time due to the Internet but still keep their function the same digitally
 * Online networking:
 * Virtual worlds are high addictive and acts as place to escape reality
 * Web 2.0 helps create ideal social networking tools such as blogs, podcasts, YouTube, Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, etc.
 * Social networking allows people to create networks of friends, reach out to their friends, and keep everyone updated on their lives
 * It has an attractive appeal to gain attention and fulfill curiosity not possible in reality but Dr Will Reader at Sheffield Hallam University suggest that close friends will continue to remain constant despite these tools
 * Online communities exist to share interests and experiences globally
 * Social norms,behaviors and rules is still intact in virtual worlds
 * Social Relations Online:
 * The effects of digital interaction for individual, work, social relations, society is not clear due to infancy of research
 * Internet interact with goals, motivations, and personal characteristics of individuals, which produces psychological + interpersonal outcomes
 * Anonymity + lack of physical presence (Hiltz & Turoff – engineering) create a de-individualizing effect of equalized social status (disregard race, gender, age) and flaming
 * The social context and individual differences has different impacts on social interaction online and offline
 * Social anxious individuals have difficulty forming social bonds but study shows that both introvert and extrovert feel less lonely with more contact with friends and family and being able to express true selves online
 * The ability to be anonymous and readily find similar people facilitate self-expression while feeling free of constraints and expectations placed by social norms such as beliefs (inside/outside personality)
 * They feel social and psychological needs not met in real life
 * Study shows that the online ‘true self’ can foster relationships faster than the offline ‘actual self’ due to degree of liking, conversation quality and closeness without judgment of face (applies only to cross-sex studies)
 * Groups online function and interact like physical groups with group norms emerging (find concept of self – e.g. homosexuals)
 * Anonymous groups (common identity, purpose, goals) have more conformity due to lack of intimacy as opposed to common bond groups
 * Facebook:
 * Interactions are linked to self-presentation and the construction of one’s status, relations, and identity (e.g. newsfeed)
 * Self-presentation and communication mix and overlap
 * User identity is not fixed due to online actions with self & others, which results in collective identity making (evolving profile)
 * Messages can be misinterpreted and this causes it to be filtered by the user due to identity at stake (superficiality)
 * Profile is a central locus for self-presentation acting as hub for first impressions and offline interactions but there is avoidance of personal material

//Analysis://
 * Broad: Computing & Piercing:
 * The research during my broad exploration did support my hypothesis that different forms of migration does change and develop over time.
 * In terms of pc migration, the data from the user’s environment was transferred between two computer systems during migration, which changes to meet the new requirements of the new hardware, software, or business.
 * System migration is a more specific migration to a new OS but even with the minimization of reengineering of data, there requires change to avoid losing data in the new software
 * As for data migration, it is a more detailed process of pc migration through the reference to specific digital file types and categories and through the different phases, it is apparent that the data is filtered and changed to fit new technology
 * Even if no actual hardware is involved, the migration of process also involves software that requires real-time shaping of data to match the output of the targeted system to transfer its processing power to
 * In terms of piercing migration, it is an actual physical change over time caused by physical factors
 * The deficiencies of this research include the fact that the research is broad and does not go into great lengths about a particular subject. As well, most of this research is technical and economic information, which ignores the social, political and economic factors
 * Due to these deficiencies, the only way to improve it is to conduct primary research, which is difficult and pointless due to the limited time and the fact that these broad sections does not interest me
 * Specific: Social Networking:
 * My hypothesis that humans are becoming more absorbed in their digital lives and relationships, which is potentially altering their personality and behavior online and offline is supported by my own specific research
 * Before the revolution of telecommunications, communication through symbols from cave paintings to writing have been the only way to transfer information personally or objectively besides speech
 * However, this is limited by technology, exposure, time and distance for the message to be received, particularly within social networks. This placed a greater emphasis on physical interaction and socialization during those times.
 * After the advent of telecommunication revolution with an emphasis on the Internet, information can be spread much more effectively and efficiently through digital media regardless of distance
 * This created a situation where heterogeneous people is easily connected and communicated to based on shared experience, values and beliefs although these networks contain very loose organization
 * Since the Internet is so integrated in our lives and fulfill existing daily needs such as socialization, it became a personal medium users are active in
 * The creation of new technology such as smart phones is blurring the lines between the physical and virtual space due to the constant connection to the Internet. As well, since the time spent online increased, this causes a drop in physical interaction.
 * Through the study, it is also apparent that younger generations (boys more than girls) are greater adopters of the internet but it is changing
 * For many, social networking is a way to escape constraints placed by reality and allow the fulfillment of attention and curiosity not possible physically
 * People can also find communities of similar interest and experiences that may not be possible in real life
 * Users of social networking sites are communicating information on a mass communication level and on a personal level, which can filter their message online while upholding social norms, behaviors and rules that still exist in the virtual world
 * Depending on the type of group, anonymity, the lack of physical presence and equalized social status play a large role in separating the actual self with the true self, which facilitates self expression and foster faster relationships
 * The change of behavior and personality is attributed to the need to fulfill social and psychological desires not met in real life while being able to be free of constraints and expectations of society. However, this does not generally apply to common bond groups such as Facebook due to the need to uphold a certain ‘image’ of self to close friends and families but it is still not entirely one’s actual self
 * E.g. choosing to show a side of one’s self not normally seen on a daily basis such as getting drunk or partying
 * On famous social networking site such as Facebook, since the dynamic identity of the user is linked to his collective self-presentation, people bring that identity offline as well to define that person
 * The deficiencies of my research are that it lacks in-depth research and statistics on the subject due to the infancy of the topic. As well, the research is not fully up to date and does not separate the level of involvement and their effects. Also, it focuses more on personal relationships rather than business.
 * To improve this deficiency, primary research can be conducted next time to create more up-to-date data, which focuses on different levels of involvement and their effects. As well, a focus on business side of social networking can be applied to explore its effects beyond personal relationships.

//Conclusion://
 * Specific: Social Networking:
 * For social networks that are anonymous, there is a greater separation and difference in behavior and personality patterns. As for close bond networks, there is a slight change in one’s self but not to a great degree usually. Nevertheless, it is evident that humans are beginning to migrate further away from physical interactions.

=**CORY'S NOTES**= (I'm missing an analysis, will get that up soon)

AIMS (BROAD)

- To explore the topic of migration, in relation to ecology. - Try to discover the many strands of migration that exist in nature. AIMS (SLEEP) - To gain knowledge and background information on the topic of sleep, and explore ideas related to sleep. - Further explore the topics I find more interesting, which deserve further development later on in the course. - Select the topics which are not only interesting, but also could potentially be represented visually. - Ultimately to visually represent the findings that I find most interesting. RESULTS + FINDINGS

- Sleep is the mental and physical resting state - Every night, we go through the sleep cycle 4-5 times, which are characterized by non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and REM sleep. - A sleep cycle consists of 5 stages of sleep, 4 non-REM, one REM. - Stage 1 lasts for about 5-10 minutes, which the person is falling asleep, but if awakened, would not feel like he has slept. - This stage is characterized by slow EEG (electroencephalography) waves. - Stage 2 is light sleep, which lasts for about 10-25 minutes. - It is characterized by distinct positive and negative waves called sleep spindles and K-Complexes. - The body prepares for deep sleep. - Stage 3 is deep sleep, and the person is hard to wake up in this stage. - Extremely slow brain waves begin to be produced called delta waves, which intermingle with faster smaller waves.  - Stage 4 is very deep sleep, some refer to it as delta sleep. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Brain produces delta waves almost exclusively. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Body restoration begins, and vital hormones are released. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Stage 5 REM sleep usually occurs 70-90 minutes after we fall asleep. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Shallow breathing, rapid eye movement, and increase in heart rate are associated with this stage. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Vivid dreams are often experienced. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - The brain blocks off the signals to the muscles so that we remain immobile throughout the dream. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - EEG patterns are of mixed frequencies and are sawtoothed. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Helps in consolidating information and mood regulation. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - On average a person spends 2 hours a night dreaming. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Some researchers <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">believe that dreaming is essential to our mental, physical well-being and emotional health. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - When a person does not get the required sleep over a period of time, there can be many consequences, including insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: 15px;">nightmares/terrors and sleep walking. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Insomnia is the most common sleeping disorder, where the person has chronic problems getting enough sleep. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - Insomnia usually occurs in 3 patterns - initial problem falling asleep, trouble remaining asleep, and persistant early awakenings. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Insomnia increases with age, and is 50% more common in women than men. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- Pseudo-insomnia or Sleep state misperception, is when people think they get enough sleep. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- Most common treatment is prescriptioned sedative drugs (sleeping pills), or for milder cases, melatonin. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- Narcolepsy is a very serious problem where a person can instantly fall asleep into REM sleep. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- Sleep apnea involves frequent gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts their sleep. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- The person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- Nightmares are anxiety arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- People awakened by a nightmare have a hard time falling back asleep, but most nightmares do not need to be treated. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- Sleep terrors are abrupt awakenings from non-REM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- Sleep walking occurs when a person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep, usually 2 hours into slow wave sleep. <span class="ecx" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">- The cause is unknown, possibly genetic disposition, or problems in the physical and emotional health. <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; line-height: normal;"> - People who suffer from stress, anxiety and depression may be more prone to sleeping disorders/problems.

=<span style="font-size: 14pt; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">AIANN'S NOTES =

**Broad Aims (1 paragraph: Science)**
 * to explore the different branches of migration in the science, mainly __biology__ and __physics__ field for further research
 * categories include Cell Migration, Molecular Diffusion (in Physics), Geophysical Diffusion, Planetary Diffusion, Electromigration and Sedimentation
 * to discover any (ethical) flaws or concerns that may affect the migration of people, information

**Individual Aims (2 paragraphs: Relationships)** Overall
 * migration is “directed, regular, or systematic movement of a group of objects, organisms, people, or animals” à is the movement of people towards each other “attraction”?
 * to gain a better understanding of human attraction, consumption and communication
 * what influences our migration – towards each other and to certain products, groups, behaviour
 * investigation into people-to-people migration – is there a pattern?

In-Depth **--** **Broad Research & Findings (3 paragraphs: Science)** __Biology__ Cell Migration: Molecular Diffusion __Physics__ Planetary Migration Electromigration Sedimentation
 * how much does culture and biology each affect our relationship-forming process
 * the non-verbal methods we use to communicate
 * ordinary routines and habits – what they say about us
 * how are we influenced by others' views and opinions
 * how sexual selection influences human behaviour over the years, across cultures
 * process of required movement of cells in “particular directions to specific locations” to aid tissue formation in the embryonic, healing and immune response stages
 * if errors occur during the process, serious mental, vascular diseases and tumors can form
 * scientists want to learn more about cell migration to develop new therapeutic methods of controlling tumor cells
 * Two models: Cytoskeletal (Proteins formed at the front push, force cells forward) and Membrane Flow (Proteins returned to the front, increasing the supply of “feet” and stabilize the front)
 * water and other molecules are transported across biological membranes by: diffusion and osmosis à passive transport - membranes are not actively involved
 * process of molecules moving among each other because of their kinetic energy (of motion) - all molecules are contantly moving because of their kinetic energy
 * diffusion occurs when individual molecules become evenly dispersed in a contained area
 * temperature and size affect the rate of diffusion - move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
 * occurs when planetary orbits are changed because of interactions with gas disks, other planets in the system
 * transport or movement of material in a conductor (material that allows the flow of energy to take place) under the influence or due to the momentum of an applied electric field
 * electromigration causes reliability problems in electronic devices
 * microstructure, temperature, and material determine the type and intensity of damage caused by electromigration
 * process of settling solids in a fluid

**Individual Research & Findings (3 paragraphs: Relationships)** __Introduction (source: Steve Duck //Human Relationships//____)__
 * to assume we love something, it means we become attached
 * our emotions may have a biological basis but are expressed in a cultural way
 * it is too simple to say we like someone or something only on personal preference
 * __first look at basic biology__ behind attraction
 * Darwin’s theories apply to modern mating rituals from competition within a species (more attractive people have a higher chance of reproduction) to availability of resources (wealth, strength of status)
 * __second, see why culture is important__ to explore à there is a range of rituals and social presentation, yet they all come from the same biological place (chemical neurons, hormones)
 * heavily influenced by social norms portrayed in mass media: what is seen as a failure or success
 * communication and language are crucial for establishing how human relationships conducted

__Biology (source: Time Magazine //The Science of Romance – Why We Love//____)__ Attraction – How we migrate to each other? Attachment – What keeps us close?
 * sense of smell is a key primal factor in finding a mate
 * pheromones - scent signaling chemicals and timing of menstruation (Charles Wysocki of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia)
 * example: Menstrual cycles synchronize in all women living together = primal communities benefit from all fertile females to ovulate and reproduce with males, not just one
 * scent tells males which females can conceive and who is most compatible genetically
 * major histocompatibility complex (MHC) = too similar, high risk of miscarriage
 * deep voice, broad shoulders and chest are signs of testosterone and strength
 * ample breast and hips signs of fertility and ability to nurse young
 * sense of love, after attraction occurs in brain’s lower region, ventral tegmental where dopamine created
 * 1) dopamine “creates craving, motivation, goal-oriented behavior--and ecstasy” (Helen Fisher, an anthropologist at Rutgers University)
 * 2) oxytocin, a substance secreted in the nucleus accumbens = bonding, commitment
 * 3) caudate nuclei, on either side of the head = feelings of permanence

__Culture (source: James T. Tedeschi //The Social Influence Processes – Power & Influence: An Introduction//____)__ Social Influence **Power, Force and Authority are all forms of Influence, all part of social interactions** Power as Interpersonal Causation
 * Robert Dahl (1957): The powerful person, P has power over the weaker person, W to the extent that W would do something that he/she would otherwise not.
 * Result of “power attempt”, W will change behaviour

Power as Coercion Individuals comply to commands in society without threats of punishment or reward; The conforming individual complies because he/she feels he/she //ought// to.
 * Max Weber (1947): Distinguish power from other forms of social control when cooperation is crucial
 * Conflict, resistance occurs in this exercise of power, Power is relevant only under social conflict
 * Process of overpowering another
 * Power is the process of affecting policies onto others with the threat of noncomformity BUT…

__Influence & Consumer Choice (source: //Product personality and its influence on consumer preference//__ __P.C.M Govers; J.P.L Schoormans__| __The Journal of Consumer Marketing)__
 * products also have a symbolic meaning
 * brand personality and product-user image = symbolic meaning associated with the brand or product class
 * product personality = part of symbolic meaning that refers to physical product and is described with human personality characteristics
 * people prefer products with a product personality that matches their self-image
 * products can be designed to have a specific personality, has a positive effect on consumer preference